The DCS technology is very powerful but still relatively novel. In the last two years I made fundamental technological advances which will dramatically improve the method. I first demonstrated DCS in the time-domain. This new method has unprecedented potential. It allows the recovery of both optical properties and blood flow with a single measure and more than doubles the sensitivity to the brain with respect to conventional DCS. The physiological monitoring of cerebral oxygen delivery and consumption will significantly improve the management of patients with brain injury, patients at risk for brain injury, and patients undergoing routine general anesthesia and surgical procedures that alter cerebral oxygen delivery.